Name the primary treatment modalities for neoplastic diseases.

The primary treatment modalities for neoplastic diseases include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy because these approaches are commonly utilized and have been well-studied in the context of cancer management in veterinary medicine.

Surgery is often employed to remove tumors and affected tissues, providing the possibility of complete excision of the neoplastic mass and potentially leading to a cure. Chemotherapy involves the use of cytotoxic agents to target and kill cancer cells, being particularly effective for systemic disease or when surgery alone cannot ensure complete removal. Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells or shrink tumors, and it is particularly useful for localized tumors or when surgery is not an option.

While other modalities, such as immunotherapy and hormone therapy, are relevant in specific cases and are being researched for their efficacy in particular types of cancers, they are not considered the primary options that are routinely employed for the majority of neoplastic diseases. Similarly, while physical therapy and pain management are crucial for improving the quality of life in pets with cancer, they do not address the underlying neoplastic process directly. Thus, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy represent the cornerstone of cancer treatment.